Guidelines for the Integrated Management of the Watershed


About UNEP	UNEP offices	News centre	Publications	Calendar	Awards	Milestones	UNEP Store

United Nations Environment Programme
Division of Technology, Industry and Economics

Newsletter and Technical Publications
Freshwater Management Series No. 5

Guidelines for the Integrated Management of the Watershed
- Phytotechnology and Ecohydrology -

REFERENCES

Adámek, Z. & Jurajda, P. 2001. Stream habitat or water quality - what influences stronger fish and macrozoobenthos biodiversity? Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 1(3): 305-311.

Adokpo Migan, S. 2000. The impact of forest conversion on hydrology. UNESCO IHP–V Technical Documents in Hydrology No 36. Paris. 76 pp.

Agostinho, A. A. & Zalewski, M. 1995. The dependence of fish community structure and dynamics on floodplain and riparian ecotone zone in Parana River, Brazil. p: 141-148. In: F. Schiemer, M. Zalewski, J.E. Thorpe (Eds.) The importance of aquatic-terrestrial ecotones for freshwater fish. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Belgium.

Allen, T. F. H. & Starr, T. B. 1982. Hierarchy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Amarasinghe, U. S. 1998. How effective are the stocking strategies for the management of reservoir fisheries in Sri Lanka ? p: 422-437. In: I. G. Cowx (Ed.) Stocking and introduction of fish. Fishing News Books.

Amoros, C., Roux, A. L., Reygrobellet, J. L., Bravard, J. P. & Pautou, G. 1987. A method for applied ecological studies of fluvial hydrosystems. Regulated Rivers 1: 17-36.

Anderson, T. A., Guthrie, E. A. & Walton, B. T. 1993. Bioremediation in the Rhizosphere. Environmental Science and Technology 27: 2630-2636.

Andrzejewski, R. (Ed.). 1990. Użytki ekologiczne w krajobrazie rolniczym. CPBP „Ochrona i kształtowanie środowiska przyrodniczego" .nr 39. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo SGGW (in Polish).

Angermeier, P. L. & Karr, J. R. 1984. Relationships between woody debris and fish habitat in a small warmwater stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 113: 716-726.

Armitage, P. D., Moss, D., Wright, J. F. & Furse, M. T. 1983. The performance of a new biological water quality score system based on macroinvertebrates over a wide range of unpolluted running-water sites. Water Research 17: 333-347.

AFN - Association Francaese de Normalisation. 1985: Essais des eaux. Détermination de l'indice biologique global (IBGN), NFT: 90-350.

Aqua Technique. 1997. Technical materials of Aqua–Technique USA.

Azadpour, A. & Matthews J. E. 1996. Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Sites Using Plants. Remed. Summer. 6(3):1-19.

Backiel, T. & LeCren, E. D. 1979. Some density relationships for fish population parameters. p: 279-302 In: S. D. Gerking (Ed.), Ecology of freshwater fish populations. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.

Baird, A. J. & Wilby, R. L. (Eds.) 1999. Eco-hydrology . Plants and water in terrestrial and aqtic environments. Routledge, London, New York. 402 pp.

Baker, A. J. M. & Brooks, R. R. 1989. Terrestrial plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements –a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery 1:81-126.

Baker, A. J. M. & Reeves, R. D. 1996. Metal-accumulating plants: The biological resource and its commercial exploitation in soil clean-up technology. In: Phytoremediation sponsored by International Business Communication 225 Turnpike Rd., Southborough, MA 01772-1749, USA.

Bañuelos, G. S., Ajwa H. A., Mackey B., Wu L. L., Cook C., Akohoue S. & Zambrzuski S. 1997. Evaluation of Different Plant Species Used for Phytoremediation of High Soil Selenium. Journal of Environmental Quality 26:639-646.

Barbour, M. T., Plafkin, J. L., Bradley, B. P., Graves, C. G. & Wiesseman R. W. 1992. Evaluation of EPA’s rapid bioassessment benthic metrics: metric redundancy and variability among reference stream sites. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11: 437-449.

Bell, R. M. 1992. Higher Plant Accumulation of Organic Pollutants from Soils. Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. EPA/600/R-92/138.

Bis, B., Olejnik, V., Majecki, J., Higler, L. W. G. & Verdonschot, P. F. M. 1992. Distribution pattern and structure of Trichoptera assemblages in the Lubrzanka River (Swietokrzyskie Mts., Central Poland). In: C. Otto (Ed.) Proc. 7^th Int. Symposium on Trichoptera, 213-217, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Bis, B., Zdanowicz, A. & Zalewski, M. 2000. Effects of catchment properties on hydrochemistry, habitat complexity and invertebrate community structure in a lowland river. Hydrobiologia, 422/423: 369-387.

The integration of wetlands into man-made landscapes of N.W. Germany, Agricultural Water Management, 14: 451-458.

Blindow, I., Andersson, G., Hargeby, A. & Johansson, S. 1993. Long-term pattern of alternative stable states in two shallow eutrophic lakes. Freshwater Biology 30: 159-167.

Błaszczyk, M. 1992. Comparison of denitryfication by Paracoccus denitrificans, Pseudosomonas stutzeri and Pseudosomonas aeruginosa. Acta Microbiologica Polonica 41: 203-210.

Błaszczyk, M. 1993. Effect of medium composition on the denitrification of nitrate by Paracoccus denitrificans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59: 3951-3953.

Błaszczyk M. 1995. Denitrification of nitrate by Pseudosomonas stutzeri. Acta Microbiologica Polonica 44: 149-160.

Błaszczyk, M. 1997. Denitrifying sediment bakteria from man-made reservoir of fertilizer nitrogen plant wastewater (RFNPW). Acta Microbiologica Polonica 46: 313-232

BMLF –Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, 1999. Richtlinie zur Bestimmung der saprobiologischen Gewässergüte von Fließgewässern-Wasserwirtschaftskataster, 144 pp., Wien (Authors: Moog, O., A. Chovanec, H. Hinteregger & A. Römer).

Boatman, C. D. & Murray, J. W. 1982. Modelling exchangeable NH4 adsorption in marine sediments: process and controls of adsorption. Limnology & Oceanography 27: 999-1010.

Boon, P. J., Holmes, N. T. H., Maitland, P. S., Rowell, T. A. & Davies, J. 1997. A system for evaluating rivers for conservation (SERCON): development, structure and function. In: P. J. Boon & D. L. Howell (Eds), Freshwater Quality: Defining the Indefinable? The Stationary Office, Edynburg, UK.

Boyle, T. P., Smilie, G. M., Anderson, J. C. & Beeson, D. R. 1990. A sensitivity analysis of nine diversity and seven similarity indices. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 62: 749-762.

Breymeyer, A. (Ed.) 1993 Geography of organic matter production and decay. SCOPE Seminar IG PZ PAN, Warsaw. 187 pp.

Carmichael, W. W. 1992. Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites- the cyanotoxins. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 72: 445-459.

Carpenter, S. R., Kitchell, J. F. & Hodgson, J. R. 1985. Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. BioScience 35:634-639.

CEN, 2000. Draft CEN Guidance Standard. Assessing the Hydromorphological Characteristics of Rivers. N. Holmes, P. Boon (Eds) TC 230/WG 2/TG 5.

Chick, J.H. & McIvor, C.C. 1994. Patterns in the abundance and composition of fishes among beds of different macrophytes: viewing a littoral zone as a landscape. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 51: 2873-2882.

Chorus, I. & Bertram, J. 1999. Toxic cyanobacteria in water. A guide to their public health. Consequences, monitoring and management. E&FN Spon, London and New York. 416 pp.

Clarke, A. E. 2000 Enssuring Enough to Eat. Science 289:555.

Codd, G. A. 2000. Cyanobacterial toxins, the perception of water quality, and the priritisation of eutrophical control. Ecological Engineering, Vol. 16, No.1, 51-61.

Codd, G. A. & Bell, S. G. 1998. Toxic Cyanobacteria- The Global View. Proceedings of the 1998 WaterTECH Meeting, Brisbane, Australia, April 27-28. AWWA, Artarmon, NSW, Australia: 1-14.

Codd, G. A., Ward, C. J. & Bell, S. G. 1997. Cyanobacterial Toxins: Occurence, Modes of Action, Health Effects and Exposure Routes. Archives of Toxicology (Suppl.19), J.P. Seiler & E. Vilamova (Eds), Springer-Verlag Berlin. 399-410.

Colby, P. J., Spangler, G. R. Hurley, D. A. & McCombie, A. M. 1972. Effects of eutrophication on salmonid communities in oligotrophic lakes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 29: 975-983.

Connell, J. H.1978. Diversity in tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Science 199: 1302-1310.

Cooper, J. R., Gilliam, J. W., Daniels R. B. & Robarge W. P. 1987. Riparian areas as filters for agricultural sediment. Soil Science Society of America Journal 51: 416-420.

Cornish, J. E., Goldberg, W. C., Levine R. S. & Benemann J. R. 1995. Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Toxic Elements and Radionuclides. p: 55-63. In: R. E. Hinchee, J. L. Means, & D. R. Burris (Eds), Bioremediation of Inorganics. Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio.

Cowx, I. G. 1998. Stocking strategies: issues and options for future enhancement programmes. p: 3-14 In: I.G. Cowx (Ed.) Stocking and introduction of fish. Fishing News Books,.

Cowx, I. G. & Welcomme, R. L. 1998. Rehabilitation of Rivers for Fish. Fishing News Books, Oxford. 260 pp.

Cunningham, S. D. & Lee C. R. 1995. Phytoremediation: Plant based remediation of contaminated soils and sediments. Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, and Crop Science Society, 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711, USA. Bioremediation: Science and Application. SSSA Special Publication 43.

Cunningham, S. D., Berti, W. R & Huang J. R. 1995. Remediation of contaminated soils and sludges by green plants p. 33-54. In: R.E. Hinchee, J.L. Means & D.R. Burris (Eds) Bioremediation of Inorganic. Batelle Press, Columbus-Richland.

Daily, G. C., Soderquist, T., Aniyar, S., Arrow, K., Dasgupta, P., Ehrlich, P. R., Folke, C., Jansson, A., Jansson, B., Kautsky, N., Levin, S., Lubchenco, J., Maler, K., Simpson, D., Starett, D., Timan, D. & Walker, B. 2000. The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value. Science 289: 395-396.

DeMelo, R., France, R. & McQueen, D. J. 1992 - Biomanipulation: hit or myth? Limnology & Oceanography 37: 192-207.

De Pauw, N., , P. F., Manzini, D. P. & Spaggiari, D. 1992. Biological assessment methods for running water. p:217-248 In: P.J. Newman, M.A. Piavaux & R.A. Sweeting (Eds) River Water Quality. Ecological Assessment and Control. Commission of the European Communities, EUR 14606 En-Fr.

Des Marais, D. J. 2000. Evolution: When did photosynthesis emerge on Earth? Science 289:1703-1705.

DEV (Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.) 1992. Biologisch-ökologische Gewässergüteuntersuchung: Bestimmung des Saprobienindex (M2). p: 1-13 In: Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim.

Drenner, R. W. & Hambright, K. D. 1999. Review: Biomanipulation of fish assemblages as a lake restoration technique. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 146: 129-165.

Duff, J.H. & Triska, F.J. 1990, Denitrification in sediments from hyporheic zone adjacent to a small forested stream. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 47: 1140-1147.

Dushenkov, V., Nanda Kumar P. B. A., Motto H., & Raskin I. 1995. Rhizofiltration: The Use of Plants to Remove Heavy Metals from Aqueous Streams. Environmental Sciences & Technology 29: 1239-1245.

Epstein, P. R. 1998. Water Climate Change and Health. p: 68-81. In: Water: a looming crisis. H. Zebidi (Ed.) UNESCO IHP–V Technical Documents in Hydrology No 18.

Everett, R. A. & Rhuiz, G. M. 1993. Coarse woody debris as refuge from predation in aquatic communities. Oecologia 93: 475-486.

Falconer, I. R. 1994. Health Problems from Exposure to Cyanobacteria and Proposed Safety Guidelines for Drinking and Recreational Water. p: 3-10. In: G.A. Codd, T.M. Jefferies, C.W.Keevil and E.Potter (Eds), Detection Methods for Cyanobacterial Toxins, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.

Faush, K. D. 1993. Experimental analysis of microhabitat selection by juvenile steelhead (Oncorhyncus mykiss) and coho salmon (O. Kisutch) in a Britisch Columbia stream. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50: 1198-1207.

Fernando, C.H. & J. Holcik. 1991. Fish in reservoirs. Internationale Revue der gestamen Hydrobiologie 76: 149-167.

Fleischer, S. & Stibe, L. 1991. Restoration of Wetlands as a Mean of Reducing Nitrogen Transport to Coastal Waters. Ambio. Vol 20, no 6.

Fletcher, J. S., & Hegde, R. S. 1995. Release of Phenols by Perennial Plant Roots and their Potential Importance in Bioremediation. Chemosphere 31: 3009 - 3016.

Fotyma E., 1996, Zastosowanie metody Nmin do oceny środowiskowych skutków nawożenia azotem. Zeszyty Problemowe Postępy Nauk Rolniczych 440: 90-99

Frankiewicz, P., Dabrowski, K. & Zalewski, M. 1996. Mechanism of establishing bimodality in a size distribution of age-0 pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (L.) in the Sulejow Reservoir, Central Poland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 33: 321-327.

Frankiewicz, P., Dąbrowski, K., Martyniak, A. & Zalewski, M. 1999. Cannibalism as a regulatory force of pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (L.), population dynamics in the lowland Sulejow reservoir (Central Poland). Hydrobiologia, 408/409: 47-55.

Frankiewicz, P., Dąbrowski, K., Ruciński, W. & Zalewski, M. 2001. The role of shoreline ecotonal zone in spawning success and early life history of dominant fish species in the lowland Sulejow reservoir. Ecology & Hydrobiology 1: 177-184.

Freeze, R. A. & Chery, J. A. 1979. Groundwater hydrochemical bechaviorof contaminants. (Eds) Brus C., Mc Niely K.: 413-445.

Frissell, C. A., Liss, W. J., Warren, C. E. & Hurley, M.D. 1986. A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classification: Viewing streams in a watershed context. Environmental Management 10: 199-214.

Gash, J. H. C., Nobre, C. A., Roberts, J. M. & Victoria, R.L. 1996. Amazonia Deforestation and Climate. John Wiley & Sons, Reino Unido. 611 pp.

Georgeyewski V. Yu. 1998 On global climate warming on water resources. p: 37-46 In: H.Zebidi (Ed.) Water: a looming crisis. UNESCO IHP–V Technical Documents in Hydrology No 18.

Greenway, M. 1997. Nutrient content of wetland plants in constructed wetlands receiving municipal effluent in tropical Australia. Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol. 35, no. 5: 135-142.

Gleick, P. H. 1993. Water in crisis. A guide to the world’s fresh water resources. Oxford, New York.

Groffman, P. M., Gold, A. J. & Simmons, R. C. 1992. Nitrate dynamics and riparian forests, Microbial Studies. Journal of Environmental Quality 21: 666-671.

Gschlössl, T., Steinmann, C., Schleypen, P. & Melzer, A. 1998. Constructed wetlands for effluent polishing of lagoons. Water Research 32: 2639-2645

Gutknecht, D. 1999. UNESCO IHP–V Advanced Study Course in Ecology. Vienna, 13-15 September. Student guide.

Harper, D. 1992. The ecological relationships of aquatic plants at Lake Naivashia, Kenya. Hydrobiologia 232: 65-71.

Harper, D. M., Brierley, B., Ferguson, A. J. D. & Phillips G. (Eds). 1999. The Ecological Bases for Lake and Reservoir Management. Hydrobiologia 395/396, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 469 pp.

Higler, L. W. G. 1988. A Worldwide Surface Water Classification System, IHP and UNEP/EMINWA, UNESCO, Paris.

Hildrew, A. G. & Townsend, C. R. 1987. Organization in freshwater communities. p: 347-372 In: J. H. R. Gee, & P. S. Giller (Eds). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

Hillbricht-Ilkowska, A., Ryszkowski, L. & Sharpley, A. N. 1995. Phosphorus transfers and landscape structure: riparian sites and diversified land use patterns. p: 201-228 In: H. Tiessen (Ed.) Phosphorus in the global environment. SCOPE, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Holling, C. S., Gunderson, L. H. & Walters, C. J. 1994. The structure and dynamics of the Everglades system: guidelines for ecosystem restoration. In: S. Davis, J. Odgen (Eds) The Everglades: The Ecosystem and its Restoration. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach.

Izydorczyk, K., Tarczyńska, M., Wagner-Łotkowska, I. & Zalewski, M. 2002. The application of the chlorophyll in vivo fluorescence technique to determine effect of reservoir hydrodynamic on the spatial and seasonal phytoplankton distribution in eutrophic, lowland reservoir. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology (in press).

Jeppesen, E., Lauridsen, T.L., Kairesalo, T. & Perrow M.R. 1998. Impact of submerged macrophytes on fish-zooplankton interactions in lakes. p: 91- 114. In: E. M. Jeppesen, K. Sondergaard , Christoffersen (Eds) The Structuring Role of Submerged Macrophytes in Lakes. Springer, New York.

Jørgensen, S.E. 1982. A holistic approach to ecological modelling by application of thermo-dynamics. p. 61-72 In: W. J. Mitsch, R. K. Ragade, R. W. Bossermann & J. Dillon (Eds), Systems and Energy. Ann Arbor.

Jørgensen, S. E. 1986. Structural dynamic model. Ecological Modelling, 31: 1-9.

Jørgensen, S. E. 1988. Use of models as experimental tools to show that structural changes are accompanied by increased exergy. Ecological Modelling, 41: 117-126.

Jørgensen, S. E. 1990. Ecosystem theory, ecological buffer capacity, uncertainty and complexity. Ecological Modelling, 52: 125-133.

Jørgensen, S. E. 1992a. Parameters, Ecological constraints and exergy. Ecological Modelling, 62: 163-170.

Jørgensen, S. E. 1992b. Development of models able to account for changes in species composition. Ecological Modelling, 62: 195-208.

Jørgensen, S. E. 1994. Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling (2nd edition), Developments in Environmental Modelling, 19. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 628 pp.

Jorgensen, S. E. 1996. The application of ecosystem theory in limnology Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Teoretische und Angevandle Limnologie, 26: 181-192

Jørgensen, S. E. 1997. Integration of ecosystem theories: A pattern. Second revised edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

Jørgensen, S. E. & Mejer, J. F. 1977. Ecological buffer capacity. Ecological Modelling, 3: 39-61.

Jørgensen, S. E. & Mejer, H. F. 1979. A holistic approach to ecological modelling. Ecological Modelling, 7: 169-189.

Jørgensen, S. E. & Johnsen, I. 1989. Principles of Environmental Science and Technology. Studies in Environmental Science, 33 Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, 628 pp.

Jørgensen, S. E. & Lőffler, H. (Eds) 1990. Guidelines of Lake Management. Vol. 3: Lake Shore Management. 175 pp.

Jørgensen, S. E.,Nielsen, L.K., Ipsen, L.G.S. & Nicolaisen, P. 1995. Lake restoration using a reed swamp to remove nutrients from non-point sources. Wetland Ecology and Management, vol. 3, no. 2: 87-95.

Jørgensen, S. E. & de Bernardi, R. 1998. The use of structural dynamic models to explain the success and failure of biomanipulation. Hydrobiologia, 379: 147-158.

Jørgensen, S. E., Patten, B. C. & Straskraba, M. 2000. Ecosystem emerging: 4. Growth. Ecological Modelling, 126: 249-284.

Junk, W. J., Bayley, P. B. & Sparks, R. R. 1989. The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Proc. Int. Large River Symp., Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. - Special Issue, 106: 110-127.

Table of Contents

Brochure

International Year of Forests

World Environment Day

UNEP Campaign