The Councillor as Guardian of the Environment


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<The Councillor as Guardian of the Environment>

An Essay and Workshop for Local Elected Leaders on Environmental Governance
with Emphasis on Adopting Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs)
- Training for Elected Leadership -

REFERENCES

¹ ”Trainer’s Guide for Training of Elected Officials,” Training for Elected Leadership (Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1995; Designing Human Settlements Training, Volume 2 --- Training Tools (Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1994.

² This situation is adapted from a report about county government employees dumping toxic waste materials in southeast Texas. The article appeared in “Weekly News Summary for the Week Ending May 24, 1996,” GNET --- The Global Network of Environment and Technology, a weekly summary of the top environmental business news stories abstracted from over 750 newspapers and periodicals. Available from Netscape, http://www.gnet.org/gnet/news/summary/back_ issues/nsmay24. htm. INTERNET.

³ An important source of ideas on current reality, vision, and the creative tension between them is Fritz, Robert. The Path of Least Resistance: Learning to Become the Creative Force in Your Own Life (New York: Ballantine Books, 1989).

⁴ Bryson, John M. Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Guide to Strengthening and Sustaining Organizational Achievement (San Francisco, Ca.: Jossey-Bass Inc., 1988), pp. 187-88.

⁵ Nanus, Bert. Visionary Leadership: Creating a Compelling Sense of Direction for Your Organization (San Francisco, Ca.: Jossey-Bass Inc., 1992), p. 8.

⁶ Kouzes, James M. and Posner, Barry Z. The Leadership Challenge: How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations (San Francisco, Ca.: Jossey-Bass Inc., 1987), pp. 9-10.

⁷ Bryson, John M. Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations (San Francisco, Ca.: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 1988), p. 52.

⁸ Ibid.

⁹ Sustainable Cities: Concepts and Applications of a United Nations Programmeme (Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1994), pre-publication draft, p. 9.

¹⁰ Nelson, Kristen C. “Sand Lakes Quiet Area Issue-Based Negotiation,” in Environmental Disputes: Community Involvement in Conflict Resolution, James E. Crowfoot and Julia M. Mondolleck, eds. (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1990), pp.183-208.

¹¹ Citizen Participation in the Siting of Waste Facilities, Linz, Austria: Case Study 15 (Toronto, Canada: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, November, 1993).

¹² ”Krakow: The Green Federation,” in The Wealth of Communities: Stories of Success in Local Environmental Management, Charlie Pye-Smith and Grazia Borrini, eds. (West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press, Inc., 1994), pp. 85-94.

¹³ Sustainable Cities: Concepts and Applications of a United Nations Programmeme (Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1994), pre-publication draft, Annex Two.

^14, Poungsomlee, Anuchat, Ross, Helen and Wiseman, Rob, “Trouble with Traffic: The Effects of Rapid Urbanisation on Bangkok, Thailand” in Risks and Opportunities: Managing Environmental Conflict and Change, Valerie Brown, et al, eds. (London: Earthscan Publications Ltd., 1995), pp. 134-167.

¹⁵ Evans, Paul. “Danger of Market Forces,” Guardian Weekly, 3 March 1996.

¹⁶ Poungsomlee, op. cit.

¹⁷ ”Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area Project,” The Wealth of Communities: Stories of Success in Local Environmental Management, Charlie-Pye-Smith and Grazia Borrini Feyerabend, eds (West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press Inc., 1994), p. 27.

¹⁸ The hypothetical situation used in this case makes extensive use of published material in an ICLEI report: Citizen Participation in the Siting of Waste Facilities, Linz, Austria: Case Study 15 (Toronto, Canada: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, November, 1993).

¹⁹ This situation is adapted from a report by Debra Roberts, Durban Urban Development Department, Environmental Branch, “Durban’s Local Agenda 21 Initiative: Preparing for a More Sustainable Future” in A State of the Environment and Development StudyæProgress Report (Durban, South Africa: Urban Development Department, Environment Branch, January, 1995). Available from Netscape, http:// www.durban.gov.2A/central/urb_dev/enviro/yasmin.htp. INTERNET.

²⁰ Nepal, op. cit., pp. 17-35.

²¹ Community-Based Service Delivery, Quito. Ecuador: Case Study 21 (Toronto, Canada: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, August, 1994).

²² Waste Water Control, Santos, Brazil: Case Study 16 (Toronto, Canada: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, January, 1994).

²³ Sustainable Cities: Concepts and Applications of a United Nations Programme. Pre-publication edition. (Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1994).

²⁴ Adapted from a list of typical weaknesses in traditional bureaucratic systems of local administration, Sustainable Cities, op. cit., p. 28. The authors have increased the original list of eight weaknesses to nine for use in this handbook.

²⁵ This hypothetical situation is adapted from a report about the real experiences of a local authority in the UK in adopting Local Agenda 21. The report appeared in “Weekly News Summary for the Week Ending February 2, 1996,” GNET --- The Global Network of Environment and Technology, a weekly summary of environmental business news stories abstracted from newspapers and periodicals. Available from Netscape, http://www.gnet.org/gnet/news/summary/back_issues/ nsfeb2.htm.INTERNET.

²⁶ Bryson, John M. and Crosby, Barbara C., Leadership for the Common Good: Tackling Public Problems in a Shared-Power World (San Francisco, Ca.: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 1992), pp. 295-306.

²⁷ Pressmen, Jeffrey L. and Wildavsky, Aaron, Implementation, 3 rd ed. (Berkley, Ca:, University of California Press, 1984), p. xviii.

²⁸ Adapted from Land-Use/Transport: Curitiba, Brasil: Case Study 2 (Toronto, Canada: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, November 1991), and “City Fixer: Brazil’s Lerner Tackles the Urban Mess,” World Monitor, March, 1992.

²⁹ Adapted from Pezzoli, Keith, “Sustainable Livelihoods in the Urban Milieu: A Case Study from Mexico City,” in In Defense of Livelihood: Comparative Studies on Environmental Action, John Friedmann and Haripriya Rangan, eds. (West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press, Inc., 1993), pp. 127-154.

³⁰ In addition to this exercise for planning learning transfer, the Training & Capacity Building Section of UNCHS (Habitat) will soon publish a companion to the other handbooks in the Training for Elected Leadership series with a similar purpose. The companion publication is a comprehensive guide for workshop participants in applying what they have learned to their “real-world” duties and responsibilities as councillors. The guide includes detailed trainer notes and begins the process of learning transfer for participants before they complete the workshop.

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