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Newsletter and Technical Publications
KEY TERMS USED IN PREPARING THE SCP Community Based Organization (CBO): These are organizations based and working in one or more local communities (neighbourhoods or districts); they are normally private, charitable (non-profit) organizations which are run by and for the local community. Typically, they were created in response to some particular local need or situation _ often related to the local environment _ and they usually support a variety of specific local improvement actions (for instance, environmental up-grading, youth education, employment promotion, etc.) which are generally undertaken by or with the local people. City Consultation: The City Consultation is a specific and crucial event within the SCP project process which prioritizes issues, agrees on institutional framework for operationalizing the project and galvanizes political support. It occurs at the end of Phase One of the SCP project cycle. It brings together and builds on the work done during that Phase, consolidates social and political participation and support, and launches the SCP project into Phase Two. The Environmental Profile, in either its completed or its annotated form, will be one of the key inputs into the City Consultation and its preparations. (Volume 2 in the series of SCP Source Books provides detailed guidance on the organisation and running of the City Consultation.) Environmental Management Information System (EMIS): An EMIS is an organized process through which information relevant for environmental management is identified, generated, and utilized in a routine manner. It is a tool, when it becomes relatively functional, which directs and guides investment and city development along a sustainable path. EMIS in the SCP context is developed on the basis of a systematic spatial analysis of specific issues, geographic distribution of resources and related environmental sensitivities. It portrays spatial development options and opportunities which allow the prioritisation of development areas, the guidance and optimization of investment and the factoring-in of long-term environmental costs in development. EMIS consists of layers of maps, spatial attributes, parameters and criteria for prioritisation; and `rules' and development conditions defined and negotiated by stakeholders to influence the development pattern of a city. Environmental Planning & Management (EPM): This is a general term which refers to the over-all processes through which a city's environment is (or can be) managed. It emphasizes the close inter-relationship between urban development and urban environment, and it stresses the crucial roles of economic, political and social situations. In relation to the SCP, the EPM process has been refined based on case study applications and developed into a general set of critical steps to strengthen cities in the effective management of urban development and the utilization of environmental resources. Environmental Hazard: Environmental Hazards are events (disasters), primarily arising from the physical environment, which endanger the lives, health and livelihoods of urban populations. These disastrous events _ floods, landslides, earthquakes, storms, etc. _ can kill and maim people, destroy resources and property, and disrupt economic networks and social services. Environmental Resource: In the context of the Environmental Profile, Environmental Resources are primarily those aspects arising from the physical world which are used (currently or potentially) to support urban life and development. This means air, water, land. Geographic Information System (GIS): GIS is a general term which refers to an information system in which data is collected, stored and analyzed in a spatial (geographical) framework. The GIS is normally a computer-based system; modern off-the-shelf software allows a basic GIS to be run on an ordinary PC. The data compiled and analysed in the GIS is focused specifically on information relevant for physical planning and environmental management. A mapping capability which could develop into GIS is an essential tool for implementing an SCP project. (See also EMIS in this Glosssary) Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO): The term NGO is applied to a wide range of organisations which are not established or operated by government. NGOs are usually private, non-profit organisations which are run by their members. Typically, an NGO is concerned with one particular area of activity: women's rights, education, environmental protection, small-scale employment, etc. Most NGOs are local in scope, but some are regional, national or international, with active local/national branches. NGOs often acquire considerable expertise and experience in their particular areas of activity, and some employ professionals or specialists to manage their work. Stakeholder: In the context of the SCP, this word is applied to groups, organisations and individuals who have an important `stake' in the process of urban environmental management. The term stakeholders includes both formal and informal organisations and groups, and covers groups in the public sector and private sectors. Sustainable Cities Programme (SCP): The Sustainable Cities Programme (SCP) is a global programme of the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS _ Habitat) jointly implemented with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It is the leading technical cooperation programme in the field of urban environmental planning and management, and as such, it is the principal activity of the United Nations system for operationalising Local Agenda 21 and sustainable urban development. Terms of Reference (TOR): A "Terms of Reference" is a document which specifies in a clear and systematic way the work which is to be done by a consultant or sub-contractor. In the UN system, as in most large international organisations, it is necessary to prepare a Terms of Reference, which is then used as the basis for identifying suitable consultants/contractors, for issuing contract, and for supervising and monitoring the work done. KEY REFERENCES and INFORMATION SOURCES FOR PREPARING THE EP The following publications are important sources for understanding environmental planning and management in general _ and for understanding the SCP process in particular. Key EPM and SCP Documents Bartone, Carl, J. Bernstein, J. Leitman and J. Eigen, J. 1994. Towards Environmental Strategies for Cities: Policy Considerations for Urban Environmental Management in Developing Countries. Washington D.C.: World Bank. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 1987. Environmental Guidelines for Settlement Planning and Management. Nairobi: Habitat and UNEP. _____. 1997. Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) Souce Book. 3
vols. Nairobi: Habitat and UNEP. Other Important Documents UNCHS (Habitat). 1996. The Habitat Agenda: Goals and Principles, Commitments,
and Global Plan of Action. Istanbul, Turkey.
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