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Rawa Pening

A. Present Environment and Origin of the Lake

This lake lies in an ancient caldera. The maps of the area are entirely inadequate. No up-to-date accurate topographic maps of the area were available to the project team. Requests were made for topographic maps to BPPT, to Bakosurtanal (the National Mapping Laboratory), and to the Department of Public Works. The best map which has been uncovered by the team appears to be a copy of a Dutch map from about 1937, reprinted about 1955. This is not a topographic map but it does define the catchment in some detail.

Historically there has been a lake in the Ambarawa Plain since the eruption of two volcanos in the surrounding mountains created a natural dam. This lake was drained by the Tuntang river. Nothing is known about the size of the original lake or about its ecology.

The present lake was created in the period 1921 to 1923 by the construction of a dam on the Tuntang river for hydroelectric power generation. Therefore, Rawa Pening is not a natural water body. The area was originally covered with swamp forest, but this was apparently destroyed by a volcanic eruption. There are no valid species conservation problems in the sense that no known species which are found in the area of the lake need special attention because they are at risk or endangered.

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