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KEY TERMS^*

Environment - All living and non-living things, and all factors such as climate, that exists where an organism lives (Dashefaky, 1993). It includes the biophysical environment (plants, animals, land, air and water bodies), the socio-cultural environment (everything that relates to how people interact with each other), and the politics, economic environment (that deals with the way people exchange goods, ideas and how they organize themselves).

Environmental Management - Management of activities within tolerable constraints imposed by the environment itself, and with full consideration of ecological factors.

Environmental Planning and Man-agement - The over-all processes through which a city's environment is (or can be) managed. It emphasizes the close inter-relationship between urban development and urban environment, and it stresses the crucial roles of economic, political and social situations.

Stakeholder - Groups, organizations and individuals who have an important `stake' in the process of urban environmental management. It includes both formal and informal organizations and groups, and covers groups in the public sector, private sector, and the community.

Sustainable - A condition in which the environment or a component of the environment is renewed at essentially the same rate as its use.

* The following definitions were culled from various sources including the ILO/UNEP Environmental Learning Packages and the UNEP Sustainable Cities Program Source Book Series.

REFERENCES

Key EPM and SCP Documents

Bartone, Carl, J. Bernstein, J. Leitman and J. Eigen, J. 1994. Towards Environmental Strategies for Cities: Policy Considerations for Urban Environmental Management in Developing Countries. Washington D.C.: World Bank.

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 1987. Environmental Guidelines for Settlement Planning and Management. Nairobi: Habitat and UNEP.

_____. 1997. Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) Souce Book. 3 vols. Nairobi: Habitat and UNEP.

_____. 1997. Sustainable Cities Programme. Nairobi: Habitat and UNEP.

_____. 1998. The SCP Process Activities: A Snapshot of What They are and How They are Implemented. Nairobi: Habitat and UNEP.

_____. 1999. The SCP Source Book Series. 2nd ed. Nairobi: Habitat and UNEP.

The Sustainable Cities Programme: Approach and Implementation. 2nd ed. Habitat.

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS). 1995. UNCHS (Habitat) and UNEP Join Forces on Urban Environment. Briefing Note prepared for the United Nations Commission on Human Settlements (CHIS5) and the Governing Council of UNEP (GC18). Nairobi: UNCHS.

Von Einsedel, Nathaniel. 1999. Rapid Urban Environmental Assessment: The Urban Management Programme (UMP) Approach. Paper presented at the International Environmental Management Training of the UNEP-IETC and Philippine Government.

Other Important Documents

UNCHS (Habitat). 1996. The Habitat Agenda: Goals and Principles, Commitments, and Global Plan of Action. Istanbul, Turkey.

Pearce, David W. and Jeremy J. Warford. 1993. World Without End: Economics, Environment and Sustainable Development. Oxford University Press, for the World Bank.

Serageldin, Cohen A. Michael , and K.C. SivaramaKrishnan, Editors. The Human Face of the Urban Environment: Proceedings of the Second Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

UNCHS. 1994. Sustainable Human Settlements Development: Implementing Agenda 21. For the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. Nairobi, Kenya.

UNCHS. 1996. An Urbanising World: Global Report on Human Settlements. Oxford University Press.

World Bank. 1992. World Development Report 6. Development and the Environment. Washington, D.C., USA.

World Resources 1996-97: The Urban Environment. Oxford University Press.

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