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The fourth chapter of the EP examines the Environmental Management Setting of the city _ the political, social, administrative, and managerial organizations and activities which determine how the city deals with its environment/development issues. Chapter 4 is divided into three main sections:

• Section A identifies the key local actors and interest groups _ the people and organizations which have important relationships with activity sectors and/or with environmental resources and hazards. Collectively, they are called `stakeholders.'
• Section B identifies the institutions directly involved in managing urban development and urban environment, especially (but not exclusively) those in the public sector, and explains how they work. This section focuses attention on three key functions of management: (I) information and expertise, (ii) policy formulation and coordination; and (iii) policy implementation.
• Section C looks at how the city's over-all environmental management system is operating with respect to the key development/environment issues, with particular emphasis on current initiatives or innovations designed to improve the city's ability to deal with those issues.

Statistical tables, detailed maps, graphs and charts and other supporting technical information are included as Annexes.

The main sections and sub-sections of the EP (and of the Table of Contents) will be the same for every SCP project city. However, the detailed contents will likely be somewhat different from city to city. Most cities will have fairly similar lists of activity sectors in Chapter Two, for instance, although there will be variation (some cities may have important fisheries and informal sectors and other cities may have none at all). There will be greater differences in Chapter 3 as resources and hazards differ according to city.

A sample Table of Contents is given below as guidance.

PREPARING THE SCP ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE

The reader is advised to refer to Volume One of the SCP Source Book Series for detailed descriptions of the purpose, format and coverage of the Preface, Acknowledgements, and Executive Summary pages of the EP. Some major tips in preparing the main chapters are echoed here.

Chapter 1: City Introduction

This should provide a short, concise summary of background information on the headings listed, to provide a context for the discussions which follow in the next chapter. Key physical characteristics and main features of city development should only include essential information. The sections on Population Characteristics and Economic Structure and Employment can be brief, and data should be compressed into one or two short tables to provide a general picture. The portion on Social Aspects should summarize a wide range of local social issues including a description of the poverty situation. The segment on Administrative Aspects should likewise describe the administrative organization of the city and its region.

Chapter 2: The Development Setting

The main characteristics of the city's Activity Sectors are briefly described here, and then each Activity Sector is examined separately, to analyze its inter-relationships with Environmental Resources and with Environmental Hazards.

In the first part of the analysis, the Activity Sector itself is briefly described. The second part of the analysis discusses the use of various Environmental Resources by that activity sector. The third part examines the impact of the activity sector on resources. The fourth part then looks at the effect of Environmental Hazards on the Activity sector on the various environmental hazards. Finally, the fifth part considers the impact of the activity sector.

Broadly speaking, an Activity Sector is a group of organizations and people who are engaged in the same general economic activity; in other words, an activity sector is a category of development activity within the city. Each activity sector will include groups and organizations which have broadly similar interests and needs, and broadly similar relationships with city development and with urban development.

There is no fixed rule for identifying and categorizing activity sectors. The situation will be different in each city, and the list of activity sectors will reflect the particular local circumstances. But more attention should be given to main activity sectors which have the biggest effect on urban environmental management (such as manufacturing, housing, transport, agriculture).

The sample Table of Contents gives a list of possible activity sectors.

Once the city's activity sectors have been satisfactorily identified, then the chapter can be carefully written. The following information should be presented separately for each activity sector, in this order:

• characteristics of the activity sector
• the activity sector's use of environmental resources
• the activity sector's impact on environmental resources
• the way the activity sector is affected by environmental hazards
• the contribution of the activity sector to environmental hazards

A hypothetical example of the analysis for one single activity sector (Fisheries) as culled from EPs of several different cities, is reprinted below from Volume One of the SCP Source Book Series.

Table of Contents

• Brochure
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• International Year of Forests
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• World Environment Day
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• UNEP Campaign
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