|
Step 2: Requirements of the technology
intervention, and the resulting environmental pressures
|
a. List the raw materials, land and energy resources required
by the technology, and identify where there are associated environmental
pressures
|
|
Resource Demands
|
Relative level of demand
|
IdentifyConsequences of concern
|
Potentially significant pressures exist for (tick)
|
|
Human healthand safety
|
Local natural environment
|
Global environment
|
Scarce /non-renewable resource use
|
Social systems
|
| Material Resources |
| Wet lead acid batteries |
H M L
|
Toxic, Corrosive |
|
|
|
|
|
| Dry lead acid batteries |
H M L
|
Lead exposure |
|
|
|
|
|
| Water |
H M L
|
Supply limited |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lime |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sodium hydrosulphide |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lead powder |
H M L
|
Lead exposure |
|
|
|
|
|
| Settling tank floc |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Energy Resources |
| Electricity |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Natural gas |
H M L
|
heat, explosive |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Land Resources |
| Re-processing site |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Storage site - batteries; chemicals |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Storage site - ingots |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Processes |
| Pre-treatment, processing of drained acids |
|
noise, acid mist |
|
|
|
|
|
| Battery paste desulfurisation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Treatment of pastes, melting and casting |
|
heat, fumes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
b. List the wastes and hazardous products produced by the
technology, and identify where there are associated environmental pressures
|
|
Identify the waste stream or hazardous product
|
Relative level of Production
|
Identify Consequences of concern
|
Potentially significant pressures exist for (tick)
|
|
Human health and safety
|
Local natural environment
|
Global environment
|
Scarce /non-renewable resource use
|
Social systems
|
| Gaseous Wastes or Hazardous Products |
| Fugitive emissions (melting etc) |
H M L
|
Lead exposure |
|
|
|
|
|
| Acid mist (from battery breaking) |
H M L
|
Burns to lungs & eyes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Dust (from the baghouse fume) |
H M L
|
Lead exposure |
|
|
|
|
|
| Steam from ingot caster |
H M L
|
Burns |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Liquid Wastes or Hazardous Products |
| Cleaning water |
H M L
|
contaminated |
|
|
|
|
|
| Drained sulfuric acid |
H M L
|
corrosive |
|
|
|
|
|
| Runoff from site and storage areas |
H M L
|
contaminated |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Solid Wastes or Hazardous Products |
| Bi |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gypsum (only a waste if unsold) |
H M L
|
Large quantity |
|
|
|
|
|
| As |
H M L
|
Toxic |
|
|
|
|
|
| Inert leaching residues |
H M L
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Recyclable drosses, Cu and Sb |
H M L
|
exposure |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cases, separators, packing material, other |
H M L
|
Residual lead |
|
|
|
|
|
| c. List the infrastructure required by the technology, and identify where
there are associated environmental pressures |
|
Infrastructure Requirements
|
Current infrastructure
able to meet demand in ways that are reasonable and adequate? (Y/N)
|
Potentially significant pressures exist for (tick)
|
|
Human health and safety
|
Local natural environment
|
Global environment
|
Scarce /non-renewable resource use
|
Social systems
|
| Regional road / Main transportation corridor |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Secondary roads and urban arterial |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Airport access |
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Railway access |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shipping / Deep water port access |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Water supply |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gas supply |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| External power supply / Power lines |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Human waste sewage and/or treatment |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Industrial waste sewage and/or treatment |
On site treatment
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Telecommunication network |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Community services (i.e. schools, shops) |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Public transportation |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
Local worker housing
|
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
d. List the supporting technologies required, and identify where there are
associated environmental pressures
|
|
Supporting Technologies
|
Is the technology locally available (Y/N)
|
Identify undesirable consequences of the technology
|
Potentially significant pressures exist for (tick)
|
|
Human healthand safety
|
Local natural environment
|
Global environment
|
Scarce /non-renewable resource use
|
Social systems
|
| Transportation services - road |
Y
|
hazards, emissions |
|
|
|
|
|
| Transportation services - rail |
Y
|
hazards, emissions |
|
|
|
|
|
| Transportation services - marine |
N
|
hazards, emissions |
|
|
|
|
|
| Dross disposal |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Medical monitoring |
N
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Training for workers |
N
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Battery collection system |
N
|
Lead, acid |
|
|
|
|
|
| Factory ventilation |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Forklifts and cranes |
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Environmental monitoring |
N
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
e. List the human resources demands of the technology, and identify where
there are associated environmental pressures
|
|
Labour Force / Skills Required
|
Are these skills locally available (Y/N)
|
Would new workers need to be imported or local workers
retrained1
|
Potentially significant pressures exist for (tick)
|
|
Human health and safety
|
Local natural environment
|
Global environment
|
Scarce /non-renewable resource use
|
Social systems
|
| Engineers |
N
|
I T
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Industrial chemists |
N
|
I T
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Plant operators |
Y
|
I T
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Management and administration |
Y
|
I T
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cleaners |
Y
|
I T
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yard and warehouse workers |
Y
|
I T
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. I = New workers imported, T = Worker trained
|
| f. Identify where there are environmental pressures associated with any
other aspects of the technology intervention |
|
Identify any relevant features of the technology intervention
not already considered
|
Potentially significant pressures exist for (tick)
|
|
Human health and safety
|
Local natural environment
|
Global environment
|
Scarce /non-renewable resource use
|
Social systems
|
| Decommissioning of technology |
|
|
|
|
|
| Residual consequences of technology |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nuisance effect resulting from 24 h operation of plant |
|
|
|
|
|
| 
