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State of Waste Management in South East Asia
In the ASEAN countries, various regulations and standards have been introduced
for waste management. Many have sewer-related laws, which cover wastewater
quality regulations for sewerage systems. Town or City planning Acts and water
pollution control laws are normally related to such sewerage acts. Examples
of acts/laws relating to waste management include:
Country: Brunei Darussalam
- National Development Plans and National Environment Strategy for
broad policy statements on waste management
- Administrative procedure manuals and guidelines for waste handling
and disposal
- Sectoral legislation - Penal Code, Minor Offences Act, Land Code,
Water Supply Act, Petroleum Mining Act, Forestry Act, Fisheries Act, Miscellaneous
Licensing
Act and Municipal Boards Act.
Country: Cambodia
- Law on Environmental Protection and Natural resources management
- Sub-Decree on Solid Waste Management
- Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control
Country: Indonesia
- Environment Management Act Number 23, 1997
- Government Regulation Number 82, 2001 (Water Quality Management
and Wastewater Controlling
-
Local Government Regulation – each district
- Government Regulation Number 18, 1999 juncto Government Regulation
Number 85, 1999 about Hazardous Waste Management
- Presidential Decree Number 61, 1993 about Basel Convention Ratification
on the Control of Trans-Boundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal
- Number Kep-01 to Kep-05/BAPEDAL/09/1995 Various procedures and requirements
for hazardous and toxic wastes
- Number Kep-68/BAPEDAL/05/1994 on procedures for license for hazardous
waste storage, collection, operations of treatment equipment, treatment and
final
disposal.
Country: Lao PDR
- Ministry of Industry and Handicraft Decree on Industry Management,
1992
- Ministry of Industry and Handicraft Decree on Discharges and Emissions,
1994
- Environmental Action Plan 1993, revised 1995
- Environmental Protection Law
Country: Malaysia
- Environmental Quality Act 1974, and its subsidiary legislation thereunder
- Local Government Act 1976
- Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974
- Drainage Works Ordinance 1954 (Revised 1988)
- Urban Storm water Management Manual for Malaysia 2000
Country: Myanmar
- Pollution Control and Cleansing Rule
- The Protection of Environment Directive
- The Municipal Act
- The City of Yangon Municipal Act
- The Union of Myanmar Public Heath Act
- Mandalay City Development Committee regulation
Country: Philippines
- Integrated Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management
Policy 25
- Presidential Decree 1586 The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
System
- Presidential Decree 984 Pollution Control Law, 1978: Water Quality
Management Program
- Clean Air Act 1999 (RA 8749)
- Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003), Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act of 2000
- Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Management (RA 6969)
- The Philippine Agenda 21
Box 2
Philippines Republic Act 9003: Year 2000, Approved in January 2001
An Act providing for an Ecological Solid Waste Management Program,
creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring
certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds
therefore, and for other purposes.
Section 17. The Components of the Local Government Solid Waste Management
Plan includes, but is not limited to:
- City or Municipal Profile - estimated population; map of city/municipality;
estimated solid waste generation, by source; waste disposal inventory
- Waste characterization
- Collection and transfer
- Processing
- Source Reduction
- Recycling
- Composting
- Solid waste facility capacity and final disposal
- Education and
public information
- Special waste
- Resource requirement and funding
- Privatization of solid waste
management projects
- Incentive programs
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Country: Singapore
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Environmental Public Health Act: Environmental Public Health (General
Waste Collection) Regulations - under the National Environment Agency
- Environmental Public Health Toxic Industrial Waste) Regulations
-
Sewerage and Drainage Act and associated subsidiary legislation - under
the Public Utilities Board
- Environmental Pollution Control Act and its Regulations - under
the National Environment Agency
- Hazardous Waste (Control of Export, Import and Transit) Act
- Hazardous Waste (Control of Export, Import and Transit) Regulations
Country: Thailand
- Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality
Act, B.E. 2535
- Water Quality Standards
- Solid Waste, Night soil and Hazardous Waste
Management
- Toxic Substance Legislation
Country: Vietnam
- National Conservation Strategy 1988
- Law on Environmental Protection 1994
- Directive on Urgent Measures on Solid
Waste Management in Urban & Industrial
Areas, 1997
- Decision on Hazardous Waste Management 1999
-
National Plan for Environment & Sustainable Development 1999
While
statements on sanitation are usually very positive in long-term plans
and development strategies, generally, waste management as a priority is
not as high as other development priorities. Budgets for waste management are
generally
low. For example, in Indonesia, its overall budget in 2001 and 2002 for Environmental
Sector was only 1 percent of the National Budget.
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